Plain answers for parents of 5- to 12-year-olds, each based on recognised sources.
Executive function and self-regulation skills provide critical supports for learning and development.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
Signs of bullying include fear of school, sudden loss of friends, trouble sleeping, nightmares, headaches, stomach aches, or absenteeism.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
Worry is common in young children, and it often shows up as tummy aches, trouble sleeping, clinginess or using the toilet often.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
Fill half the lunchbox with vegetables and fruit, one quarter with grains, and one quarter with protein.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
HFMD causes fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers, and blisters on the hands and feet.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
Children should do at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
Children aged 6 to 12 should sleep 9 to 12 hours per 24 hours.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
The WHO recommends no more than one hour per day for children aged 2 to 4.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
Homework in primary school is linked to about three months of additional progress.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18
From 2027, children may start Year 1 at age six, but it is voluntary.
Last reviewed: 2026-10-18